Florence Nightingale and her contribution to nursing

What was the short-term significance of Florence Nightingale in bringing about change in nursing practice in the 1860s. In the Dickens book â€Å"Martin Chuzzlewit† the character Mrs Gamp a nurse, was dirty, fat, and old and also a drunk, which was like most nurses of those days before Nightingale. One can say that because of this, nursing was not seen as a highly regarded profession. Source A supports the view of Mrs Gamp being a true portrayal of nurses in the 1800s. It is an article from the Telegraph by Robbie Collin, he is writing about the character Mrs Gamp and he says â€Å"Dickens wrote that Mrs Gamp was, ‘four-and-twenty years ago, a fair representation of the hired attendant on the poor in sickness,’ and she was so popular with†¦show more content†¦This is also where she started collecting and collating statistics in order to show that cleaner hospitals caused fewer deaths, ‘Nightingale recognized that reliable data on the incidence of preventable deaths in the military made compelling arguments for reform’13 after that she continued to use statist ics in helping her arguments about health reform, Nightingale saw it as the best way to win them. Statistics were not usually used at that time but Florence understood the power of diagrams and pictograms in giving impact and a clear understanding of number, at a time when many were illiterate. This made her arguments much more powerful. She next turned her attention to India and worked on a sanitary reform for the next 13 years or so trying to reduce the mortality rate. However, she was doing this all from England as she was still recovering from the Crimean fever she contracted at Scutari. In 1860, for her contribution to Army statistics and comparative hospital statistics, she became the first woman to be elected a fellow of the statistical society. She then established the Nightingale Training School for nurses at St. Thomas’ hospital, London. It attracted middle class women because it made the nursing profession more respectable. In 1881, according to the census, there were 35,715 trained nurses14. This shows the drastic change Florence made in nursing because she made it aShow MoreRelatedThe Leadership and Legacy of Florence Nightingale1218 Words   |  5 Pages The Leadership and Legacy of Florence Nightingale Pamela Passmore Theoretical Foundations of Nursing Roles and Practice/510 01/11/2015 Dolores Diehl The Leadership and Legacy of Florence Nightingale Florence Nightingale is known as the founder of modern nursing. Her contributions and influence not only to the nursing profession, but to the public health care system, is unparalleled. She was instrumental in establishing multiple processes and practices that are still in currentRead MoreThe Australian Competency Standards For The Registered Nurse1301 Words   |  6 Pagesthe ideas and theories of nursing and nurses in Australia alone has changed dramatically. Strict expectations continue to evolve all over the world as the demand for care of individuals, sick or well increases. This essay will discuss how nurses of the Nightingale era, more specifically how Florence Nightingale herself would measure up against the current Australian competency standards for the registered nurse. This will be seen by, firstly, an introduction about Nightingale and discussing the rolesRead MoreContributions Of Florence Nightingale1234 Words   |  5 Pages Florence Nightingale is most commonly known for her great influence in modern Medicine, even did consults on queens and kings and when the Civil War came around the president asked her advice on how to help the injured soldiers, but she also was a great contributor to mathematics. Many people tend to overlook the fact the fact that Florence Nightingale is credited with developing a form of the pie chart now known as the polar area diagram, or occasionally the NightingaleRead MoreHow Does Florence Nightingale Become A Nurse From An Early Age?912 Words   |  4 Pages Florence Nightingale was born in 1820 into a wealthy family (Florence, 2004) and aspired to become a nurse from an early age. Best known as the founder of modern nursing, Nightingale also contributed to society as an established statistician. According to Florence (2004), Nightingale joined the Crimean war in 1855, offering her skills as a nurse to the sick and wounded soldiers. The conditions were so abysmal; it fueled her internal passion for helping others and finding a way to create healthierRead MoreFlorence Nightingale : The Lady With The Lamp, And The Mother Of Modern Nursing1388 Words   |  6 PagesFlorence Nightingale Alyssa Rasmussen Great Falls College – MSU â€Æ' Known as, â€Å"the Lady with the Lamp,† and â€Å"the Mother of Modern Nursing,† Florence Nightingale was born in Florence, Italy, on May 12, 1820 (National Women s History Museum, n.d.). She was the youngest of two children born to William and Frances Nightingale (National Women s History Museum, n.d.). Florence’s family was very wealthy and were members of the social elite (UAB - Reynolds-Finley Historical Library, n.d.). Florence receivedRead MoreFlorence Nightingale : The Lady With The Lamp936 Words   |  4 PagesFlorence Nightingale: â€Å"The lady with the lamp† The purpose of this project is to summarize five articles –theory of Florence Nightingale, the most recognized, famous, and beloved nurse. The impact of her work was detrimental for developing the modern nursing practice. The focus of her work was to ensure sanitary environmental conditions to contribute patient healthy. This value of historical knowledge obviously justifies what has been preserved across the generations, which nursing continues toRead MoreEssay on Florence Nightingale1471 Words   |  6 PagesFlorence Nightingale was a legend in her lifetime and was one of the greatest pioneers in nursing. She lived ninety years and accomplished many great things for the field of nursing. Her descriptions of nursing, health, environment, and humankind are remarkable and still true to this day. Nightingale reformed nursing and changed the way nursing was viewed. Some of the issues during Nightingales time, the 1800s, we still face today. Nightingale not only impacted nursing in the 1800s, butRead MoreFlorence Nightingale : An Influential Pioneer1234 Words   |  5 Pages Florence Nightingale was an influential pioneer who helped develop the medical industry into what it is today. Nightingale was born into a rich, high-class family in Florence, Italy and was named after her birth-city, like her sister Parthenope. At a very young age, she exhibited a gift for mathematics and overall excelled academically. Her father, William Nightingale often tutored her, making it one of the main reasons to Florence’s academic success. In 1838, Nightingale’s father took the familyRead MoreThe Evolution of Nursing1464 Words   |  6 PagesEVOLUTION OF NURSING Nursing is a profession that can be recalled and accounted for since prehistoric times to now it has since come a long way. In fact in earlier times nursing was only a practice reserved for men. The first nursing school was established in India in about 250 B.C., and only men were permitted to attend because men were viewed to be more pure than women, until the 1800’s when nursing became an organized practice. Should one embark on a research about the history of nursing one wouldRead MoreThe Most Influential Nurse Of History : Florence Nightingale1322 Words   |  6 PagesThe Most Influential Nurse in History Florence Nightingale did not start out as the successful woman she is known as today. She belonged to the upper social class of England. Many restrictions were placed on women in Nightingale’s social class such as what they were allowed to read or where they could go. Among her family and social class, nursing seemed out of the question as a career. If you had a â€Å"regular job† you did not belong to society. Because nurses were doing a dirty, miserable job for

Essay on Theodore Bundy - 1163 Words

Theodore Bundy One of the most famous killers of all time, Theodore Bundy vented his rage on women, mostly college girls, all the while maintaining the facade of a perfectly normal, intelligent, model citizen. His traveling ways, clever tactics, and thorough body disposal methods make it difficult to even say how many women Bundy killed during his reign, but he was definitely one of the most prolific and frightening serial killers of all time. Bundys rampage most likely began with Kathy Devine, 15, a hitchhiker who disappeared on November 25th,1973 and found on December 6th. She was sodomized, strangled, and her throat was cut. Lynda Ann Healy soon disappeared from her basement bedroom. In†¦show more content†¦But Bundys luck finally ran out on August 16th, 1975 when Bundy was spooked by and fled from a squad car around Salt Lake. Arrested for possession of burglary tools and released, it wasnt long before police noticed the similarities between Bundy and a man who had attempted to abduct Carol DeRonch previously. Bundy was son arrested for the attack, tried, and convicted. It was fairly obvious at this point that Bundy was the man responsible for the killings in the north, and when he was transferred to the Garfield county Jail in Colorado to await trial for the murder of Caryn Campbell. To the embarrassment of the police, he escaped out a second-story law library window. Bundy took to the woods and eluded the law for a few days until he was recaptured only to escape again from the Garfield County Jail on December 30th, with much more drastic results. He made his way to Tallahassee, Florida and settled near the Florida St. campus. While in Florida, Bundy killed several more women, including a horrifying blitz-style attack in a sorority house on the Florida St. campus that killed two young women, and the abduction of Kimberly Ann Leach, 12, from her school. She was found about two months later in a nearby state park. Leach would be the final victim. Bundy was arrested for the final time in Pensacola, Florida after strugglingShow MoreRelatedBiography Of Theodore Bundy Born Theodore1561 Words   |  7 PagesTheodore Bundy born Theodore Robert Cowell was born in Burlington, Vermont to Eleanor Cowell. He was born on November 24, 1946. She had him when she was still a teeneager and so Ted was raised believing that she was his sister. His birth father is somewhat confusing on his birth certificate it has Lloyd Marshall but investigators believe that his real father s name was Jack Worthington. Ted’s mother married Johnnie Bundy who eventually adopted Ted as his son. Ted Bundy became interested in knivesRead MoreTheodore Bundy : Serial Killer2158 Words   |  9 PagesTheodore Bundy is a serial killer well known for his rape, kidnapping, assault, strangulation, decapitation, and necrophilia of young women. His murders span from 1974 to 1978 taking over thirty victims across seven states. Ted Bundy led two lives: one as a law student and volunteer counselor in a rape victim clinic, and the other as a murderer of more than thirty women. Bundy had a chameleonic style that presented a unique form of mental flexibility that certain predatory psychopaths possessRead MoreCase Study : Theodore Robert Bundy815 Words   |  4 PagesShamariah Harding Criminal Justice Mrs. Hickox 25 April 2015 Theodore Robert Bundy was a man originally known by many in the 1960 to 1970s society as a friendly, intelligent, upstanding individual. His very name seems welcoming, even alluring. In fact, his lure was the way a portion of his many victims fell prey to his â€Å"handsome† smile. Heartbreaker would be a mild title for this man; skull-breaker seems to be the more accurate approach. Theodore was a man who was convicted and later confessed to manyRead MoreSerial Killer: Theodore Robert Bundy Essay1560 Words   |  7 Pages Theodore Bundy was an infamous American serial killer who preyed upon numerous young women during the 1970s and possibly earlier. He was associated with at least 30 counts of homicide and suspected of an estimated one hundred or more. Beyond homicide, he also made it apparent that he was capable of other sinister crimes such as rape, kidnapping, and necrophilia. His most frequent method of killing was an attack with a blunt weapon to the head. However, he did not merely kill his victims; evidenceRead MoreTheodore Robert Bundy : An American Serial Killer1045 Words   |  5 PagesTheodore Robert Bundy Theodore Robert Bundy November 24, 1946 –January 24, 1989, was an American serial killer, kidnapping, rapist and necrophile who assaulted and murdered numerous young women and girls during the 1970 s and possibly earlier. Shortly before his execution, after than a decade of denials, he confessed to 30 homicides committed in seven states between 1974 and 1978. The true victim count remains unknown, and could be much higher. Bundy was regarded as handsome and charismatic byRead More The Life of Serial Killer, Theodore Robert Bundy Essay3254 Words   |  14 PagesWhile waiting for her dusty red Volkswagen to warm up, she saw another one, light blue, heading down Sugarloaf Road towards her. When she glanced at the driver as he went past, he took the opportunity to look her over as well. With piercing eyes, Ted Bundy quickly examined Gini as he drove by her. When his eye caught hers, Gini immediately felt like she had just been delivered a swift punch in the stomach. He turned around at the bottom of Sugarloaf Road and drove over to where she was parked. As heRead MoreTheodore Bundy : The Characteristics Of Sociopaths1346 Words   |  6 Pagesconscience. Theodore Bundy (born Theodore Robert Cowell; November 24, 1946 - January 24, 1989) was an american serial killer, kidnapper, rapist, burgular, and necrophile who assualted and murdered numerous young women and girls during the 1970s, and possibly earlier. Shortly before his execution, after more than a decade of denials, he confessed to 30 homicides committed in sevennstates between 1974 and 1978. The true victim count remains unknown and could be much higher. Bundy was regardedRead MoreEleanor Cowell s Life During The Age Of 22951 Words   |  4 PagesEleanor’s baby was born on November 24th 1946 and she named him Theodore. Theodore was an illegitimate child and was raised as the adopted son of his grandparents to hide the fact he was illegitimate. His mother, Eleanor moved with Ted to Tacoma Washington and met and married Johnnie Bundy and together they had a couple more children. Bundy grew up in a normal middle class family. He never bonded with his step father, Johnnie Bundy. As a teenager he had interest in pornography and looking in otherRead MoreCase Study: Ted Bundy Essay2279 Words   |  10 Pages Theodore Robert Bundy was born Theodore Robert Cowell on November 24, 1949.His mother, Louise Cowell was unmarried at the time, and the name of his biological father has never been determined with certainty, however Lloyd Marshall was named on his birth certificate. Louise moved into her parent’s home shortly after Ted’s birth and allowed him to be raised as her ‘brother’ for quite some time. When Ted’s mother married Johnnie Culpepper Bundy in May 1951 in Tacoma, Washington, when Theodore was fourRead MoreTed Bundy Was Raised By His Grandparents1323 Words   |  6 PagesTed Bundy By: Luis Esquivel Background Ted Bundy was born November 24, 1946, in Burlington, Vermont. Theodore â€Å"Ted† Bundy was raised by his grandparents. Eleanor Cowell, Ted’s mom was twenty-two and unmarried when she had Theodore. To hide the fact that Theodore was an illegitimate child, he was raised as the adopted son of his grandparents and was told that his mother was his sister. Bundy’s mom moved to Tacoma, Washington a few years later and married Johnnie Bundy and had several children together

Anti-Aging Cream Goes Young Free Essays

|Anti-ageing cream goes young | |2 Jun 2008, 0155 hrs IST, Amit Sharma,  TNN | | | | | | |  Print   | | | | |  EMail   | | | | |  Discuss | | | | |  Share | | | | |  Save | | | | |  Comment | | | | |Text:[pic] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |NEW DELHI: When consumer products major Hindustan Unilever (HUL) recently relaunched its Pond’s anti-aging skin cream range, it was not | | | | |only   | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |launching a ‘new-improved’ version of the product but also responding to a larger change in the core target consumers of anti-aging | | | | |products — from the middle-aged 35-40-years-old women to 20-something girls, yes, but even men too! | | | | | | | | | |Says Oriflame India national sales manager Shilpa Ajwani: â€Å"Today, we have customers in the 20-years-plus age group who start preventive | | | | |skin care through anti-aging creams and while women are still the larger consumer base, there is faster growth in demand for anti-aging | | | | |products by men too. This is unlike the scenario sometime back when classically 40-years-plus women were our target customers. †Ã‚   | | | | | | | | | |The company launches about six anti-aging products a month, which now account for over a quarter of its sales in India. We will write a custom essay sample on Anti-Aging Cream Goes Young or any similar topic only for you Order Now | | | | | | | | | |Cosmetics are conventionally bundled into three categories — skin lightning, moisturising and anti-aging. Market research firm ACNielsen | | | | |puts the anti-aging cosmetic market in India at over Rs 60 crore. Though just over 2% of the country’s Rs 3,000-crore skin care market, | | | | |the anti-aging segment is the fastest growing at 93% year-on-year. | | | | | | | | |Anti-aging cosmetics include products as diverse as anti-aging lipsticks and eye balms, facial creams, hair lotions and  foot  creams. | | | | |Consumers pay Rs 500-6,000 for such products from brands like Mary Kay, Revlon, Schwarzkopf, Procter Gamble, HUL, et al. | | | | | | | | | |Schwarzkopf Professional country head Murali Sundar confirms anti-aging products’ age defying trend: â€Å"With time, usage of anti-aging | | | | |products has got little to do with a person’s age. Rising consumer awareness means that people in their late twenties have started buying | | | | |our anti-aging hair care products. While the bulk of our customers are still women, men are fast waking up to hair-care. †Ã‚   | | | | | | | | | |While busy lifestyles and concomitant stress hasten skin aging, rising incomes and awareness are facilitating fast consumer adoption of | | | | |anti-aging products. But that’s not all, for there is also another important factor at play here. Consumers today opt to prevent and | | | | |correct rather than repair at a later stage. Marketers are quick to spot this trend and are responding appropriately. | | | | | | | | |Says HUL skin care category head Venkat Shridhar: â€Å"Today, sales of bulk of our anti-aging creams come from 28-30-years-old women. Personal| | | | |care spends have increased a lot in the past 3-4 years. Easy access to parlours, supermarkets and greater exposure to media have led | | | | |people to spend more on hygiene and  beauty. Hence, all our communication also highlights prevention as the way out to delay aging. †Ã‚   | | | | | | | | | |Agrees Mary Kay India senior marketing manager Nirupama Rao: â€Å"Anti-aging products have ceased to be prescriptive in nature. Today, they | | | | |are used for preventive purposes. Consumers realise that they help in delaying the damage caused due to aging. †Ã‚   | | | | | | | | | |Though the current penetration of anti-aging products is low, marketers see huge potential in the category and are prioritising for its | | | | |growth. Says Devendra Shinde, marketing head, Kaya Skin Clinic, Marico’s 56-store strong skin-care division: â€Å"Our age control Botox and | | | | |Fillers treatments have grown up to four times in the last year. | | | | |Currently, age control packages account for 15% of our revenues and are expected to grow even more robustly.    | | | | | | | | | |â€Å"We are witnessing a 30% year-on-year growth in the anti-aging segment. The age of consumers of anti-aging cosmetics is coming down | | | | |rapidly and there is increased penetration of these products in India. This segment is expected to contribute substantially to our | | | | |growth,† says Revlon India marketing director Deepak Bhandari. The company markets it s anti-aging products under the Revlon Reveal brand, | | | | |priced Rs 350-750. | | | | How to cite Anti-Aging Cream Goes Young, Papers

Health Care of Old People at Nursing Homes

Question: Discuss aout the Health Care of Old People at Nursing Homes. Answer: According to HelpGuide.Org (2016), there are various myths that people have about nursing homes for the old people internationally. Some of the myths pointed out include: old people go to nursing homes because they cannot take care of their selves at home, old people who are taken to nursing homes are those who have families that do not care for them, people get awful care in nursing homes because they are poorly run and that once a person is taken in a nursing home, they never leave. All these myths indicate the negative connotations that people have on the label nursing home. In contrast to all these myths, I believe that a nursing home is one place where old peoplereceive the highest level of care that they cannot obtain at their homes. Nursing homes have professionals who provide custodial care such as assistance in bathing, feeding, dressing and getting out of bed (Afendulis et al, 2016). Such professionals are not found in homes. I think nursing homes are the best places that one can take an old family member because there they also receive supervision from licensed physicians throughout 24 hours of the day. Unlike at home, old people get more services from professionals such as physical and occupational therapists when they are at the nursing homes (Nakrem, 2015). Reference Afendulis, C, Caudry, D, O'Malley, A, Kemper, P, Grabowski, D, THRIVE Research, C 2016, 'Green House Adoption and Nursing Home Quality', Health Services Research, 51, pp. 454-474, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 25 May 2016. HelpGuide.org, (2016). A Guide to Nursing Homes: Skilled Nursing Facilities and Convalescent Homes. [online] Helpguide.org. Available at: https://www.helpguide.org/articles/senior-housing/guide-to-nursing-homes.htm [Accessed 25 May 2016]. Nakrem, S 2015, 'Understanding Organizational and Cultural Premises for Quality of Care in Nursing Homes: An Ethnographic Study', BMC Health Services Research, 15, pp. 1-13, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 25 May 2016

Police Officer Loyalty free essay sample

The purpose of this paper is to introduce and discuss the phenomenon of police officer friendship and loyalty, A look at the controversial issue of police officer mutual loyalty and how it may affect the department, investigations and decisions made by officers. This becomes a controversial issue when one officer is accused of a crime or misconduct and others do not testify against the officer. Police officers work in an isolated environment, and socially, for the most part, they are surrounded by their fellow officers. It is not unusual for them to build long and fast friendships with their fellow officers, both at work, and in social situations, similar to war situations, where men under fire make lifelong friendships. The Police are a fraternity whose members are bound together by the difficulties, dangers and challenges of their job as enforcers of the law and protectors of the citizenry. It is arguably one of the more high-risk jobs, as one misjudgment in the pursuit of a criminal can produce serious injury or death. We will write a custom essay sample on Police Officer Loyalty or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Solidarity and loyalty are essential to survival (Vitalis).

A Teacher, A Leader Essays - Music Education, Sociomusicology

A Teacher, A Leader Essays - Music Education, Sociomusicology A Teacher, A Leader Touching more lives, affecting the outcome of so many futures a teacher is the epitome of a leader. Just as a leader has his or her own style, their way of motivating their students, also plays an important part in a students success. Spending more time with our children then most parents do, a teacher is fundamental in shaping our children. If they are poor leaders our children suffer. When they shine as leaders our children blossom and the universe is wide open to them. As a teacher it is of utmost importance that you tune your leadership skills and find the best style of teaching for the students you are teaching. In finding

Impacts of Acid Rain on Central and Southern China Research Paper

Impacts of Acid Rain on Central and Southern China - Research Paper Example Environmental pollution take the form of air pollution, water pollution and soil pollution among others that affect the general livelihood of the people who live in certain areas of the world. One of the effects of the environmental pollution is the production of acid rains, which has been witnessed in many parts of the world as a result of excessive emission of substances with hydrogen ions into the atmosphere. The effect is that the hydrogen ions combine with the environmental water to produce an acidic substance which falls to the ground as rain and it has very many negative impacts. Acid rain has its water with a pH value which is lower than the normal pH7 for neutral substances such as clean water, which contain no hydrogen ions or hydroxide ions. The pH value of water in the acid rain can be lower than seven as a result of emission of carbon (IV) oxide, oxides of sulphur and those of nitrogen (Chen, Li & Gao, 2010). The water that result from acid rains are as cannot be healthy for drinking and has a corrosive impact on the metal substances as well as negative impacts on the plants, which may be seen through falling of young plant leaves. To some other things like clothes and paintings, the acid rains can have a bleaching effect in addition to corrosion that happens (Ribeiro, Taffarel, Sampaio, Flores & Silva, 2013). This implies that acid rains are not in any way friendly to the environment in which they are experienced and they can lead to devastating impacts on vegetation cover in a given place. In evaluation of the impact of acid rains on the environments, it is important to consider its impacts on the forest cover and other species with a focus of the issues experienced in the Southern and Central China. Formation of acid rain Acid rains are formed mostly as a result of combustion of fossil fuels which lead to emission of sulphur and nitrogen oxides that are released to the environment. The problem happens when sulphurous and nitrogenous products in their gaseous forms go to the atmosphere and combine with the water. When a react fossil fuels consisting of sulphur as an impurity burn, they form a gaseous product known as sulphur (IV) oxide, which rises to the atmosphere and combine with other components thereof. In the presence of hydroxyl radicals, the sulphur (IV) oxide is oxidised to sulphur (VI) oxide, which reacts with atmospheric water molecules to form sulphuric acid (H2SO4). The acid rain that results from sulphur oxides contributes to about 70% of the acid rains in the environment all over the world (Ribeiro, Taffarel, Sampaio, Flores & Silva, 2013). On the other hand, nitrogen oxides, which make nitric acid rains, are formed as a result of combustion of fossil fuels which contain nitrogen particles as part of their components. When fuels are burned, they produce nitrogen oxide, NO, which is oxidised by the ozone (O3), and hydrogen dioxide (HO2), to form nitrogen dioxide (NO2) gas, which is very reactive. In the reacti on, the gas reacts with hydroxide ions in the atmosphere to form an acidic substance known as nitric acid, (HNO3). Both cases of sulphuric and nitric acid cause acid depositions into the earth when they fall to the ground from the atmosphere during the either rain seasons. The acid rains can reach the earth in high amounts or as few drops to the ground but have similar devastating effects on the living and the non-living things (Ribeiro, Taffare

Literature review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words - 1

Literature review - Essay Example Health Organization (WHO), 2007, p.1, defines falls as â€Å"inadvertently coming to rest on the ground, floor or other lower level, excluding intentional change in position to rest in furniture, walls or other objects†. As age increases so does the incidence of falls. Consequently it is the older people that face the brunt of the problem of falls, which is demonstrated by the incidence of falls being between 28 to 35% in people between 65 and 70 years and between 32 to 42% in people over the age of 70 years (The World Health Organization, 2007). Falls among the older population and the consequent injuries suffered are a major public health problem. The reason for this is that besides the enhanced frequency of falls in the elderly, such falls result in mild to severe injuries to the tune of 20 to 30%. This leads to more than 50% injury related hospitalization among the elderly and 10-15% emergency of all emergency department visits (The World Health Organization, 2007). In comparison to hospital stays for other injuries among the elderly, hospital stays due to injuries from falls are much longer. In the United Kingdom hospital admission rates owing to falls to individuals over the age of sixty is between 1.6 to 3.0 per 10,000 of the population and the emergency department visits as a result of falls in the elderly is between 5.5 to 8.9 per 10,000 of the population (The World Health Organization, 2007). In addition, to high hospitalization rates, falls in the elderly carry the higher risk of mortality, with falls being responsible for about 40% of all deaths from injuries to the elderly (The World Health Organization, 2007). Post-hospitalization complications can also arise in the form of post-fall syndrome that include the elements of dependence, loss of autonomy, immobilization and depression. This reduces the ability to perform daily activities, making them dependent on caregivers from the family. In the United Kingdom, the average earnings per annum lost on

Gender Roles in Socialization Process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Gender Roles in Socialization Process - Essay Example Some brands even have gender-specific designs on their diapers: rocket ship details and ribbon details for boys and girls, respectively. Then of course, when the baby grows a bit, the hairstyles can be more telling as well. As in boys should have short ones and the girls should have long ones. These are also part of the gender socialization process, and ironically, the baby, being the participant in the whole interaction thing, does not even know that he is being conditioned to be a â€Å"boy† according to society’s definitions. I’m sure it occurred similarly for me. As a boy growing up, I have been conditioned to like the certain things that boys are supposed to like: toy cars, action figures and the like. I might not know what color my baby things were when I was an infant but I am quite sure that they were not pink. Society has a very strong influence on a person’s gender socialization process. Not only they are the first ones to take on the child’s first gender identification process, but they also reinforce it. Schools, the community, and peers also influence the child too. I am thankful that my family, even if they are traditional, is not as strict with their expectations of me as a boy growing up. Sure, I have been exposed to â€Å"boy† objects and activities that are essentially rough and tumble in nature - and labeled for â€Å"boys†. I have had friends who were from the opposite sex when I was growing up, but then as a young boy, we did not play together not because we were forcefully separated because of our genders; we simply had different toys. I think this is because of the society’s strong influence on the gender differentiation. This influence is even felt in the workplace, or at least when one working. There are expectations for me at work, as I am a man and a manager in a dental office. Although most employees in our office are females, the manager (me) is a man.  

Features Of Connected Speech In English English Language Essay

Features Of Connected Speech In English English Language Essay Blurred boundaries, sounds and even words that are completely swallowed up, chewed and mangled words that force you to listen with all your acquired knowledge and a general sense of hopelessness that you are never going to manage this foreign tongue are but the most common frustrations expressed by the ESL learners I have taught. L2 users educated in a system that prides in teaching the most precise and appropriate pronunciation leaves them bewildered when they hear English (even snippets of conversation) as spoken by L1 users. They suffer a devastating diminution of phonetic information at the segmental level when they encounter normal speech (Brown, G.1990, p.60) Connected speech is not a familiar feature to even fluent speakers of English in India and so they tend to fully form the words even in informal situations, giving the impression to L1 speakers and other L2 speakers that, hes so arrogant about it all (Crystal and Davy 1975,p.8) In this essay I would analyse the features of connected speech in English, the problems they cause to L2 learners in India. In the first section I will examine the features of connected speech and move onto the challenges they cause to L2 speakers especially Indian ESL learners. I would also like to analyse my own and the prevailing attitude and practice towards learning and teaching connected speech. Finally I would like to identify the criteria that I would apply in deciding the different aspects of connected speech suitable to my learning/ teaching environment. Connected speech Underhill A (1994) defines connected speech as a flow of sounds which are modified by a system of simplifications through which phonemes are connected, grouped and modified This simplification is an unconscious process and most of the L1 speakers are often unaware of this as they practise it. (Collins B, and I. Mees 2008). The goal of connected speech is to reduce the articulatory effort required to send the message. Even though whole chunks of phonetic details are left out by the L1 speaker to maximise the ease of communication, native listener decodes these messages using the different types of support knowledge in his repertoire. This reduction often takes place within words or words in a stream of speech (Dalton C. and B. Seidlhofer, 1994), where word boundaries get blurred. Words flow seamlessly, allowing the L1 speaker to make use of the stress system to emphasise the content of the message. In this flow adjacent sounds are modified to resemble each other- Assimilation-; sounds are completely left out of words Elision-; and certain sounds maybe inserted between the words to fuse the words together at boundaries- Linking-. Features of connected speech Assimilation L1 speakers speak at a pace of 350 syllables per minute in formal speeches and 400- 450 words in informal speech. (Crystal.D 1992; 1999) When the tongue has to move from one articulating position to another at this pace, only an approximation of the phoneme can be produced. Thus all phonemes occurring within a word or in a stream of speech influence one another and adjust with the phonemes of their neighbours (Brown, G.1990). Underhill (1994) summarises assimilation as the natural result of the various speech organs cutting corners as they perform their complex sequence of movementsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Though any sound can influence any other sound theoretically assimilation is limited to a few phonemes (Dalton C. and B. Seidlhofer, 1994) Alveolar consonants /t/, /d/ and /n/ at the end of a word often assimilate to the place of articulation of the consonant at the beginning of the next word (Underhill, 2005, p.60) EÉ ¡Ãƒâ€¹Ã‚  Great Britain / greÉ ªtbritÉâ„ ¢n / / greÉ ªÃƒÅ Ã¢â‚¬ pbrÉ ªtÉâ„ ¢n / Wont come / wÉâ„ ¢ÃƒÅ Ã…  ntkÊŒm / / wÉâ„ ¢ÃƒÅ Ã…  nʆkÊŒm / Down by law / daÊÅ  nbaÉ ªlɆ: / / daÊÅ  mbaÉ ªlɆ: / Good girl / gÊÅ  dgÉœ:l / / gÊÅ  ggÉœ:l / Elision When the speech effort is reduced for maximum efficiency, the articulation of individual phonemes gets weakened. When these phonemes are minimised markedly they are dropped from connected speech. Elision is the process of dropping a sound (a vowel or a consonant), from a word when it is uttered as part of connected speech. RP sounds short and clipped to L2 speakers and speakers of other varieties of English due to elision of the schwa (/Éâ„ ¢/) sound. The most commonly elided sounds in English are /t/, /d/ and /Éâ„ ¢/. The consonants that are elided almost as frequently as these are /v/ and /ÃÆ' °/ /t/ First three fÉœstÃŽÂ ¸ri fÉœsÃŽÂ ¸ri Last year lÉ‘stjiÉâ„ ¢ lasjiÉâ„ ¢   /d/ ground pressure É ¡raÊÅ  ndpreʃÉâ„ ¢ É ¡raÊÅ  mpreʃÉâ„ ¢ Banned for life Bà ¦ndfÉâ„ ¢laÉ ªf Bà ¦mfÉâ„ ¢laÉ ªf /Éâ„ ¢/ Chocolate tʃɆ kÉâ„ ¢ lÉâ„ ¢t tʃɆk lÉâ„ ¢t Vegetable vɆºÃƒÅ Ã‚ ¤Ãƒâ€°Ã¢â€ž ¢ tÉâ„ ¢ blÃÅ' © vɆºÃƒÅ Ã‚ ¤ tÉâ„ ¢ blÃÅ' © /v/ Weve been considering WivbinkÉâ„ ¢nsideriņ¹ WÉ ªbÉ ªnkÉâ„ ¢nsideriņ¹ Needs of the NidzÉâ„ ¢vÃÆ' °Ãƒâ€°Ã¢â€ž ¢ NidzÉâ„ ¢ÃƒÆ' °Ãƒâ€°Ã¢â€ž ¢ /ÃÆ' °/ I think that was aÉ ªÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¸Ãƒâ€°Ã‚ ªÃƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¹kÃÆ' °Ãƒâ€°Ã¢â€ž ¢twÉâ„ ¢z ʌΠ¸Ãƒâ€°Ã‚ ªÃƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¹kÉâ„ ¢twÉâ„ ¢z Went the way of the WentÃÆ' °Ãƒâ€°Ã¢â€ž ¢weÉ ªÃƒâ€°Ã¢â€ž ¢vÃÆ' °Ãƒâ€°Ã¢â€ž ¢ WentÉâ„ ¢weÉ ªÃƒâ€¹Ã‚ ÃƒÆ' °Ãƒâ€°Ã¢â€ž ¢ Vowel reduction Unstressed vowels in the stream of speech are shortened and are often centralized to a schwa (/Éâ„ ¢/) sound. An unaccented diphthong in a similar setting can lose the length of the vowel glide or could even be reduced to a monophthong. Must mÊŒst mÉâ„ ¢s There ÃÆ' °eÉâ„ ¢ ÃÆ' °ÃƒÅ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã‚  Strong and weak forms Function class words in unaccented positions are reduced to their weak forms in connected speech. The degree of reduction depends on the rate of speech delivery; the faster the speech, the greater the reduction of vowel sounds. StronÉ ¡ Weak And à ¦nd Éâ„ ¢n Of É’v Éâ„ ¢v To tʆ¹ tÉâ„ ¢ Linking Dalton C. and B. Seidlhofer (1994) describe linking as the consequence of two vowel sounds meeting at a vowel boundary. In such situations an extra sound is inserted to mark the transition between the two vowels. Linking / r/ In RP /r/ is not realised in pronunciation except when it is followed by a vowel. In connected speech /r/ is articulated when the following word starts with a vowel. Sooner suË nÉâ„ ¢ sooner or later suË nÉâ„ ¢rɆÃƒâ€¹Ã‚ leÉ ªtÉâ„ ¢ Sure ʃɆÃƒâ€¹Ã‚  sure enough ʃɆÃƒâ€¹Ã‚ rÉ ªnÊŒf Intrusive /r/ Some speakers insert a /r/ even when there is no /r/ in the spelling. Intrusive /r/ carries a certain social stigma and educated L1 speakers often deny having an intrusive /r/ in their connected speech. The presence of intrusive in connected speech is quite frequent among non-rhotic L1 speakers. Idea aÉ ªdÉ ªÃƒâ€°Ã¢â€ž ¢ idea of it aÉ ªdÉ ªÃƒâ€°Ã¢â€ž ¢rÉ’vÉ ªt Intrusive /w/ and /j/ When a word ending in a vowel is followed by another vowel, L1 speakers insert a consonant sound that is nearer to the sound of the first vowel. É ¡o out É ¡Ãƒâ€°Ã¢â€ž ¢ÃƒÅ Ã¢â‚¬ ¹waʆ¹t I am aÉ ªjam She is ʃiË jis Catenation In connected speech, L1 speakers tend to connect the last consonant sound in a word with the first vowel sound of the next word. Keep out kiË p aʆ¹t Key pout kiË  paʆ¹t A name Éâ„ ¢ neÉ ªm An aim Éâ„ ¢n eÉ ªm Connected speech- Teach Reception and or Production? Challenges to L2 learners and teachers An awareness of connected speech features is essential to facilitate listening comprehension in an ESL learner. A lack of these features does not affect intelligibility drastically and the decision of how much (the degree) and when to convert the declarative knowledge to procedural knowledge should be left to the L2 learners. Jennifer Jenkins (2000) argues that the assimilatory process will be acquired naturally if learners progress in their knowledge and control of the language is sufficient to enable them to speed up the rate of their speech. Thus we understand that a learners acquisition of knowledge in one area would positively affect his performance in another area, and that even though most if not all of this is eminently learnable with exposure to an L1 atmosphere, it is not always teachable. The criteria for teaching connected speech would be arrived at by observing the teachability- learnability scale. What the L2 learners need at this point could be a simulation of the mate rnal speech to children à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ mothers alternate between clarified and distorted forms and this seems to enable the children to develop rules of correspondence between the model and distorted forms they will normally encounter (Ratner 1984). Exposing the L2 learners to both careful colloquial speech and rapid colloquial speech could help them to understand these varieties at a declarative level and thereby position them for a procedural development at their own pace. Indian learners of English (ILE) are unfamiliar with the connected speech feature assimilation. In my anecdotal experience I have noticed that the educated speakers in India (for that matter even the uneducated speakers) utter each word in a sentence almost as though they are articulated in isolation. This syllable timed articulation is carried forward even when they speak a stress timed language like English. This trait becomes problematic at the reception level as ILE listeners expect the same vocal and phonemic clarity even when they are listening to English. Gillian Browns (1990) observation that an L2 listener suffers a devastating diminution of phonetic information, in such situations aptly summarises the confusion and panic they feel. So I believe that L2 learners of English should be made familiar with the assimilation features, so that they can understand the content of the discussion/ interaction without having to decode language features each and every time. In my teaching practices I think I have been unconsciously following the suggestions that Gillian Brown (1990) proposes: I have already suggested that I do not approve of teaching students to produce assimilated forms and elided forms. Sophisticated students who have been taught to be aware of these forms will introduce them into their own speech in a natural context when they feel able to control them Assimilation becomes a problem at the production level only when the L2 speakers interact with the L1 listeners, but then L1 listeners are mostly aware of this difficulty of the L2 speakers and make necessary adjustments to their linguistic and emotional responses. As an L2 user and as a teacher I believe that a few words uttered painfully slow to achieve connected speech would create more confusion to the L1 speaker than a total absence of assimilatory/ connected speech features. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ slower speech made to incorporate features of connected speech is reduced to gibberish (Crystal D. 1992;1999). One of the major arguments that exist against this stand is that an absence of assimilatory features would prevent the L2 speakers from using intonation patterns and rhythm and would lead to loss of fluency. (Underhill A. 1994) and he suggests exposing ESL learners to rapid colloquial speech as a useful activity for improving listening comprehension. Even though elision is a feature that is present in most Indian languages, the Indian ESL learner may struggle to understand and participate in a conversation with an L1 speaker employing rapid colloquial speech. This is because elision is not a feature that is taught in Indian classrooms. Moreover, elision carries a certain social stigma among educated Indians and so they might actively resist adopting elision in their speech practices as well. Dropping sounds is equated with a lower social class and could also be interpreted as a sign of poor education. As with assimilation, elision can cause confusion at the reception level for the L2 listener, if he has always been exposed to correct and fully articulated speech. An L2 speaker trying to include elision in a slow speech would confuse the L1 listener. As demonstrated by Crystal in his experiment the sentence I wouldnt have been able to in fluent speech may become /Éâ„ ¢ wÊÅ  bmpÉ ªneÉ ªblÉâ„ ¢/. Spoken more slowly by a learner who is being encouraged to use the various features of connected speech, it could come across like this: /Éâ„ ¢ wÊÅ  bÉâ„ ¢m pÉ ª neÉ ª blÉâ„ ¢/,with each syllable being carefully articulated. In this case it would at best sound ridiculous and at worst would be rendered completely incomprehensible. (Jennifer Jenkins, 2000) Another contentious area is the teaching of weak forms. As pointed out by David Brazil (1994) the contradiction of focusing in the classroom on a feature whose quality is precisely the result of speakers not focusing on it. This pedagogic focus may then, paradoxically, impede the later acquisition of weak forms in learning outside the classroomà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Jennifer Jenkins, 2000). Jennifer Jenkins challenges the notion of the need to weaken an unimportant sound to highlight an important one and points out that if the important sounds are stressed then the meaning would become clear to the listener. Reading about this approach and thinking further on it has convinced me that this is the way to go forward. The hours of drilling that I have been forcing on my students might have been counterproductive. I feel that this is another area where declarative knowledge should be allowed to mature to a procedural knowledge at the students own pace. Listening comprehension and thereby communication is enhanced by dissimilatory practices rather than assimilatory processes, as they give primary importance to the hearers needs by subordinating the speech strategies of a speaker. I would still like to believe that the assimilatory features are what give the English language its identity. But for learners at a transactional level with L1 speakers or with other L2 speakers conquering these features could be daunting and unnecessary for everyday communication. As David Crystal (1999) suggests The possibility of L2 learners becoming competent in both syllable and stress based speech and being able to shift effortlessly from one to other, depending on the need of the circumstance, either to proclaim a national identity or to improve international intelligibility, is not an improbability and that is what I would like to strive for and encourage my learners to aim for.

The Power Of Education Essay -- The Importance of Education

The Power Of Education The Power of education is overwhelming. It develops and enhances the minds of young children into young adults. Education serves as a tool for society to raise its youth to serve society. This process has been a never ending cycle since as long as anyone can remember. Children maturing into proper adults has been the goal of education in the past. However, there is a major controversy over the effects and power of the educational system. Throughout the past the educational system has been the focus over the development of society's youth. All parents, teachers, and concerned individuals ponder the notion of the role and effects of the system in question. Is the purpose of our educational system to teach just the cold hard facts and information, or should it exist to also serve to supply our juveniles with ethics and morals? One such person who confronts today's system is an author, Jonathan Kozol. His thoughts over this concerned area have brought him to write a book entitled, The Ni ght is Dark and I am Far From Home. In his writing he argues that Public schools in the U.S. do not exist to educate an ethical being, but rather educate unprovocative, conforming American citizens. (133) I agree. The function of our educational system should be in existence to serve our growing children with not only the knowledge of information, but the wisdom of morality as well. However, in order to further argue the importance of morality, a formal definition is needed. Just what is meant by morality? Any number of people can look at it and perceive its identity differently. Two writers Barry L.Chazan and Jonas F.Soltis talk define the significance of a moral situation in education as follows, It is, rather, a si... ...th kindness, touched with irony, decorated with compassion, is a reasonable goal for moral paralytics in a land of drought. (168) Morality is needed in the schools for these very reasons. One who opposes this view is only presenting an obstacle to the future growth of our society. As I stated before, the power of education is overwhelming. Morality is needed to provide students with a new emotion of eagerness to learn, able to confront each others ideas, and hold their own beliefs. It is our responsibility to mold our children of clay into powerful, individual, concrete statues, that can last forever. Works Cited Bereiter, Carl.. Must we Educate. Prentice Hall; N.J. 1973 Chazan, Barry I. and Soltis, Jonas F. Moral Education.Columbia; NY and London, 1973. Kozol, Jonathan. The Night is Dark and I am Far From Home. Houghton Mifflin: Boston, 1975.

Tsmg5340 Huawei

TSMG 5340 Wenzhao Li HUAWEI: CISCO’S CHINESE CHALLENGER The explosive growth of mobile Internet, fueled by the technological innovations, has affected every aspect of our lives. Mobile devices such as smart phones and PDA and even smart pets are now being interwoven into the fabric of our lives. The ultimate goal of all these devices is to bring all people into a networked society. Behind all these amazing devices, however, are the efforts of the telecom equipment companies, such as Alcatel, Lucent, 3Com and Cisco.Among all of these companies, there is a Chinese company, named Huawei, gradually being attention by the global telecom industry. For Huawei, its ambition is to catch up with Cisco as a world leader other than a domestic giant, which we know that none Chinese company has ever achieved in an industry as important as telecommunication. In my reading of this issue, trying to comprehensively understand Huawei's situation in venturing into international market, four obser vations stand out: strength of Huawei, weakness of Huawei, Huawei's opportunities and threats faced by Huawei. Strength:Firstly, China’s telecom equipment market is the background of Huawei. China’s telecom industry achieved substantial double-digit growth in 1980s, and surpassed US to become the largest telecom market by the end of 2002. The glooming growth in Chinese market is an initial power of Huawei’s growth. Table 2 in the case shows that as early as 2005, Huawei had achieved the market leader with the share of 13. 5%. And since China was the largest market, Huawei had become the largest domestic telecom equipment company. Secondly, the special company culture and foresight shown by the company make Huawei an extraordinary different company.The military-styled â€Å"Wolf-Pack† corporate culture and relationship with Chinese government are the â€Å"trump cards† of Huawei. The chairman, Zhengfei, admitted that: â€Å"If there had been no gov ernment policy to protect, Huawei would no longer exist†. But this is not the only reason of Huawei’s success. Different from other companies, who following the country’s policy of â€Å"exchanging market for technology†, Huawei put more efforts on research and development, and investing huge punch of money in the future technology (example of investment in 3G).In this way, Huawei becomes more competitive, holding large amounts of cash and patents. As Huawei becoming more and more powerful, they start to build a national recruitment system with exceptionally high pay by Chinese standards, making them an ideal employer of college graduates. R&D investment, patents, high salaries†¦all of these characteristics belonging to western technology powerhouse are replicated by Huawei to its model of corporate management. Thirdly, Huawei was undoubted the largest Chinese telecom equipment manufacturer, with integrated and Omni form products.Weakness: The culture gap between Huawei and other companies may be a headache to the Huawei’s managers. The military-styled wolf-pack corporate culture looks not attractive to the employees overseas, who prefer a workplace with more relax and less stress. Besides this, the closed relationship between Huawei and Chinese government, especially the military, should be considered by the other countries of security issues when they planning to cooperate with Huawei. Opportunities: Huawei’s move in the markets of developing countries has been proved to be successful.Huawei has printed its steps in Russia, South Africa, South America and Europe. The market of USA is an opportunity for Huawei to make their next global expansion. Threats: â€Å"Incumbent Western firms should be very scared of Huawei. Its reputation as a low-cost vendor is only the visible part of the iceberg†, As J. Doineau said, Huawei’s threat to the international telecom equipment suppliers was not to be overlooke d. But in Huawei’s viewpoint, if all the competitors and potential partner regarding them as an intruder from â€Å"Chinese Military†, they would face serious threats due to the culture misunderstanding.On the other hand, the world leaders, like Cisco, could not freely give up their market shares to Huawei. The threat of face to face competition with them is another challenge to Huawei. Huawei began considering international expansion in 1996 when it was looking for diverse sources of growth beyond the Chinese market. The company made its initial overseas moves in the markets of developing countries, to avoid â€Å"head to head competition with its international rivals such as 3Com and Cisco†.Huawei made its first significant international sale to a Russian telecom service provider in 2000, which was quickly followed by Advanced Info Service, Thailand’s largest mobile service provider, and Tele Norte Leste Participacoes, Brazil’s fixed line carrier . What’s more, major contracts won in United Arab Emirates, making UAE the first Arab country with 3G wireless communications. They set up CDMA network in Europe and expanded business in Portugal, Netherlands and GB.Huawei’s success in global expansion cannot live without its competitive advantages comparing to the other companies: low-cost engineering, wolf-pack culture, and government support. As concluded by an industry analyst, Huawei’s threat came not from low-cost manufacturing, but from low-lost engineering. With an inexpensive and highly qualified research and development (R&D) workforce, the company was able to deliver customized, innovative solutions to global enterprises looking to reduce their capital expenditures. The support from the Chinese government is another good news to Huawei.As cited in the case, the company received financial support from the state-owned Chinese Development Bank in the form of a US$10 billion credit facility for Huaweiâ₠¬â„¢s international expansions over five year. We never expect that happening in an US company. Last but not least, the management philosophy â€Å"Wolf-Pack† is regarded as a precious to Huawei. We can imagine that a company believing themselves as a pack of wolves-very confident and aggressive. That is why many incumbents feel scared of Huawei like sheep scaring of wolves. However, the competitive advantages cannot sustain forever.The highly qualified employees cannot satisfy the contemporary salary standards, which are high in China, but comparably low in developed countries. The pressure of the salary expenditure increasing makes a threat to Huawei in global expansion. The news shows that Huawei has recently come under attacks by the US government. The reason why US government did that mostly considers the national security issues, because Huawei has a close guanxi with Chinese military. As stated by Cisco’s CEO John Chambers, â€Å"Network would have to be capabl e of responding to intrusions and viruses before human operators become aware of them.And security will be the most effective and efficient if a common strategy extends through all of a corporation’s wired and mobile networks†. US government is alert to anything related to security. And what looks ironic here is that the words coming from CEO of Cisco, who is mainly competitor of Huawei in US market. With its bountiful political resources, Cisco is considered to be director of attacks. Whether the issue could be resolved is determined by the communications between Huawei and US government, and of course, the local incumbents.

Free Essays on The Story Of An Hour-character Analysis

Is Richards more than a concerned friend? In Chopin’s â€Å"Story of an Hour† I have decided to analyze Richards and Mrs. Mallard. I believe that the story may have led the reader to assume there might be a relationship between them. Although I may not be able to prove this I feel that can raise certain questions that might arouse suspicion. I feel that there is more of a relationship than a friendship between the two. When Richrds heard the news of Bently Mallard’s death, he double-checked the telegram. Was this to ensure himself it was true? Or perhaps to make sure before he went to Mrs. Mallard? I feel like he was excited or anxious about the news that his lover’s husband was now out of the picture. Richards wanted to get to her before anyone else. Did he want to let her know that they could finally be together, or as the story told â€Å"he hastened to forestall any less careful, less tender friend in bearing sad message.†(Chopin 33)? Either way, it seemed odd that he would not want her family to be with her for support, rather than to let her receive the news alone. A family member seems better suited to attend to a widow who has just found out her husband died, rather than a â€Å"friend of the family†, which the author made Richards out to be. Mrs. Mallard’s emotions or lack of proper emotions, to the news of her husband’s demise seemed to support the idea of an extramarital relationship. â€Å". . . she went away to her room alone. She would have no one follow her.†(Chopin 33) Was this so no one could witness her excitement over Mr. Mallards death, so they did not see her rejoice at the possibility of being released from the bonds of matrimony that had kept her prisoner? I felt that her chanting â€Å"free, free, free† (Chopin 34) said to the reader that she was free to be with Richards. She admits â€Å"And yet she had loved him . . . sometimes.†(Chopin 34), did she love him when she was not with Richar... Free Essays on The Story Of An Hour-character Analysis Free Essays on The Story Of An Hour-character Analysis Is Richards more than a concerned friend? In Chopin’s â€Å"Story of an Hour† I have decided to analyze Richards and Mrs. Mallard. I believe that the story may have led the reader to assume there might be a relationship between them. Although I may not be able to prove this I feel that can raise certain questions that might arouse suspicion. I feel that there is more of a relationship than a friendship between the two. When Richrds heard the news of Bently Mallard’s death, he double-checked the telegram. Was this to ensure himself it was true? Or perhaps to make sure before he went to Mrs. Mallard? I feel like he was excited or anxious about the news that his lover’s husband was now out of the picture. Richards wanted to get to her before anyone else. Did he want to let her know that they could finally be together, or as the story told â€Å"he hastened to forestall any less careful, less tender friend in bearing sad message.†(Chopin 33)? Either way, it seemed odd that he would not want her family to be with her for support, rather than to let her receive the news alone. A family member seems better suited to attend to a widow who has just found out her husband died, rather than a â€Å"friend of the family†, which the author made Richards out to be. Mrs. Mallard’s emotions or lack of proper emotions, to the news of her husband’s demise seemed to support the idea of an extramarital relationship. â€Å". . . she went away to her room alone. She would have no one follow her.†(Chopin 33) Was this so no one could witness her excitement over Mr. Mallards death, so they did not see her rejoice at the possibility of being released from the bonds of matrimony that had kept her prisoner? I felt that her chanting â€Å"free, free, free† (Chopin 34) said to the reader that she was free to be with Richards. She admits â€Å"And yet she had loved him . . . sometimes.†(Chopin 34), did she love him when she was not with Richar...

Free Essays on Green Party Of Canada

Origins and development of the Green Party The Green Party/Movement in the United States began with self-starting local groups in 1984, the first such group having formed in early January of that year in the state of Maine. By 1989, over 400 local groups had sprung up in most parts of the country. A Clearing House in Kansas City, Missouri fostered communication among all the local groups. The movement took the name of Green Committees of Correspondence.- recalling the organizing that took place under the name of Committees of Correspondence in the decade before the Revolutionary War. In addition to local group membership, individual national memberships were also encouraged. Over 2000 had signed on by the end of the 80s. In the beginning, local groups spent much time debating the meaning and application of Ten Key Values. These had emerged from the first national meeting in St. Paul in August, 1984. The Ten Key Values are drawn from the Four Pillars that the then West German Greens articulated, plus three sets of two values each. The Four Pillars are Ecological Wisdom, Social Justice, Grass Roots Democracy, and Non-violence. The three sets of two each are: Respect for Diversity and Feminist Values; Decentralization and Community Economics; Global Responsibility and Sustainability (or: Thinking to the Seventh Generation). The debates over their meaning and application were often intense and sometimes harsh. One important argument reflected the on-going controversy between Social Ecology and Deep Ecology, the former led by Murray Bookchin at the Social Ecology Center in Vermont and the latter inspired by the work of Arne Naess, the Norwegian eco-philosopher. The debate was whether one had to liberate human beings first before being able to save nature; or whether the work of saving nature had to be well advanced before it would be possible to liberate human beings. It was an argument that would continue to stir in Green circles, ta... Free Essays on Green Party Of Canada Free Essays on Green Party Of Canada Origins and development of the Green Party The Green Party/Movement in the United States began with self-starting local groups in 1984, the first such group having formed in early January of that year in the state of Maine. By 1989, over 400 local groups had sprung up in most parts of the country. A Clearing House in Kansas City, Missouri fostered communication among all the local groups. The movement took the name of Green Committees of Correspondence.- recalling the organizing that took place under the name of Committees of Correspondence in the decade before the Revolutionary War. In addition to local group membership, individual national memberships were also encouraged. Over 2000 had signed on by the end of the 80s. In the beginning, local groups spent much time debating the meaning and application of Ten Key Values. These had emerged from the first national meeting in St. Paul in August, 1984. The Ten Key Values are drawn from the Four Pillars that the then West German Greens articulated, plus three sets of two values each. The Four Pillars are Ecological Wisdom, Social Justice, Grass Roots Democracy, and Non-violence. The three sets of two each are: Respect for Diversity and Feminist Values; Decentralization and Community Economics; Global Responsibility and Sustainability (or: Thinking to the Seventh Generation). The debates over their meaning and application were often intense and sometimes harsh. One important argument reflected the on-going controversy between Social Ecology and Deep Ecology, the former led by Murray Bookchin at the Social Ecology Center in Vermont and the latter inspired by the work of Arne Naess, the Norwegian eco-philosopher. The debate was whether one had to liberate human beings first before being able to save nature; or whether the work of saving nature had to be well advanced before it would be possible to liberate human beings. It was an argument that would continue to stir in Green circles, ta...

The importance of database systems in today's information technology Term Paper

The importance of database systems in today's information technology paradigm - Term Paper Example One must understand that the database systems are deemed as pivotal when one wants to comprehend the real essence behind the Information Technology domains because the database systems echo the need of the Information Technology paradigm that is constantly on the move and brings about changes and amendments within its folds. It is important to define what a database system in reality is. A database system is a terminology that takes into consideration the construction of data models, the database management system (DBMS) and the database itself. The database system is therefore the basis of acquiring data which is valuable, and which shall form the cornerstone of achieving results within the related settings of the Information Technology realms (Anjard, 1994). The database systems therefore collect the data, analyze it from different angles and manifestations, make them available as and when required, present it in sequential, hierarchical and network structures, get embedded within the retrieval and maintenance platforms, are made use of by different software programs and controls, and offers an array of choices to the intended users of the Information Technology as and when needed. ... The database systems are essentially shells which take into perspective a database or even a sequence of the same through which a number of interactions take place with respect to this database itself. The interactions which come about due to the same are catered by most DBMS that exist today and are essentially divided into four significant categories (Rob, 2009). These are the data definition where new structures for a database are defined. Data definition also removes data structures that exist within a database as well as modifies it as and when needed so that the existing data is made use of in a proper way (Kapetis, 1999). The second main category is the data maintenance which inserts new data within the already existent data structures and later on updates the same within these existing data structures. Also the data is deleted from these data structures which are current and manifest complete harmony for the sake of the data maintenance realms. The third main category is the data retrieval which has the essential link of querying existing data through the incorporation of the end users. It also finds out data which could be used by the different application programs and software. The last main category here is that of the data control that has the task of creating and monitoring the users that are present within the database as well as limiting access to certain data within the database and not to forget the monitoring of the performance of the databases in entirety. Since the four main categories are manifesting the data in one way or the other, their individual roles as well as the collective inputs are important for the sake

How will an MBA degree will benefit the Company and me Essay

How will an MBA degree will benefit the Company and me - Essay Example The completion of the course means that I have a better understanding of the day to day issues that we face at the company. I believe that completing the MBA course will help me to be better prepared for the opportunities and threats that are as a result of the dynamic business culture or environment. The MBA will prepare me for the new opportunities that will come up in the environment. This is because the course will provide me the much needed understanding of the functional aspect of the company. Working at the company often calls for one to motivate the other members of the team, and I believe that having an MBA qualification will enable me to organize, lead, as well as motivate other members of the Tech Company to produce the best possible results at any given time. Upon the completion of the MBA, it is my belief that I will be able to understand the economic pressures that the company may face. The understanding of the financial condition of the Tech Company will help me in helping the management in the company to come up with policies that will ensure profitability of the company. Having completed my Bachelor of Science in Network Communication Management while still at the company, I believe that the MBA will further enhance my ability to predict the needs of the different clients at the company. This will in turn help me gain insight into how to build lasting and fulfilling relationship with the clients. The MBA program, as well as the combination of my education background and work experience enables me to effectively advance the different technologies as opposed to looking at new technologies as a threat. The MBA will enable me to change my attitudes about the business to be in tune with the international dimension of doing business. This will be of benefit to me as an individual, and the benefit will also extend to the business. The program I intend to enroll in is a part time.

Business research and writing Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business and writing - Research Paper Example Effective Corporate Social Responsibility is also an important asset to acquiring critical stakeholder resources. Consequently, firms who have greater and easier access to required resources are expected to be better positioned to exploit the cost structure benefits of organizational efficiency and thus more likely to gain a performance advantage over their respective competitors. This examination should assist CEO, manager and senior firm officers strategize for our organization in this age of social responsiveness. Most prominently, the arguments and results garnered here lend support for the organizational benefit of effective CSR. It outlines a path from ethical and social performance to financial performance superiority, and demonstrates that firm may use CSR and more specifically the intangible Corporate Social Reputation that it promotes, as a substantive element in deriving a workplace efficiency and subsequent competitive advantage. Scenario No. 7 Introduction Organizations today face increasingly multifaceted, and often competing, motives and incentives in their decision making. More and more people, including consumers and investors, feel that corporations owe something to their worker and the communities in which they operative which may entail sacrificing some profit at times. Organization’s ethically and socially responsible practices, commonly referred as corporate social responsibilities (CSR), have been shown to be advantageous. Furthermore, research has also claimed that being more ethical and socially responsible in business increases efficiency in the workplace. The Chief Executive Officer of the company has asked the author to research above claims. Therefore, the purpose of this report is to review available literature and recommend CSR policies to assist managers and senior firm officers strategize for organization. Corporate Reputation An organization can improve corporate reputation at the same time while working toward establish ing CSR, whether through incorporating higher human rights standards or by addressing environmental connections in the work ethic (Gaines-Ross, 2007; Speth & Haas, 2006). Reebok found that by incorporating internationally recognized human rights standards into its business practice it achieved improved worker morale, a better working environment, and higher-quality products (Holliday et al., 2002, p. 111). Manufacturing industries adopting sustainable measures are collaborating with institutions that support sustainable guidelines and are also improving and protecting their corporate reputations (Gaines-Ross, 2007; Grayson & Hodges, 2004; Holliday et al., 2002). According to Russell (2006), organizations that save money by cutting corners at the cost to the planet will be recognized as poor performers, which will ultimately affect the organization as incidents of environmental disaster will continue to linger in the minds of consumers. For example, in September 2006, the Dutch compa ny, Trafigura Beheer, which unloaded toxic sludge on the coast of Africa, killing 7 and making 50,000 people ill, has experienced the backlash from consumers for its poor decision (Gore, 2006; Russell, 2006). Trafigura Beheer focused on the financial cost associated with disposing of the toxic waste product and chose an easier method (Gore, 2006). The mistake made to ship the waste to Abidjan instead of processing it ethically has desecrated the company's

Legal Drinking Age Essay Example for Free

Legal Drinking Age Essay People have always wanted what they cannot have. Starting in 1984, this is the attitude most lawmakers in America have taken with respect to underage drinking, since it was the time when many states changed their drinking age from eighteen to twenty-one. Lawmakers thought that if you raised the drinking age, people could drink more responsibly, because as you grow older, your brain matures and with maturity comes responsibility. Although this law, passed not even twenty years ago, was made for the safety of young adults, people now are arguing to have the law returned to the age of eighteen. Many college students, professors and teachers have a lot to say about this topic. From John McCardell, former head of Middlebury College, to the Mother’s Against Drunk Driving Association, people have different views on the responsibility that young adults take when it comes to alcohol. Some people, who view that you should be able to drink when you are a legal adult, collect statistics about car accidents, deaths related to alcohol consumption, and binge drinking. Others who oppose this change in age collect similar data but there is a twist on the information that they receive. When making decisions about laws, people have to consider all possible situations. Since not only lawmakers have involvement in this issue, they have to think about everyone who will be affected, whether it is people from the age of twenty-one or older or eighteen or older. In changing the minimum legal drinking age to eighteen, the lawmakers would be granting adults with the ideal of justice. Since they are adults, they would be given equal consideration and be treated purely as adults. Also, having faith in these young adults grants them with responsibility, forcing them to grow up more quickly while still in their late teenage years. By giving them responsibility, you have to consider the obligation of non-malficience, which is avoiding doing injury to others. If a young adult got into a car accident while under the influence of alcohol, it would be that person’s fault along with all of the alcohol they legally consumed. While deciding whether to lower the minimum legal drinking age, you have to take into account that you do not have control over people. Instilling faith in our youth, we have to trust that they will make smart decisions. John McCardell, former president of Middlebury College, argues that if the MLDA was lowered to eighteen, that eighteen to twenty years olds could only drink if they completed forty-two hours of instruction of the history, chemistry, psychology and sociology of alcohol. This class would also teach the dangers of alcohol and what risks there are if someone drank an exceedingly high amount of alcohol. If a person eighteen or older took this class, they would earn a special license that would allow them to purchase and consume alcohol. Fighting against McCardell, the Mother’s Against Drunk Driving Association says that â€Å"the sooner youth drink, the more likely they are to become alcohol dependent and to drive drunk† One way to control this would be to have this program also include sitting in on multiple Alcoholic Anonymous meetings. When deciding, lawmakers have to think about the ideals of maturity, potential, responsibility, fairness and prudence. Abigail Baird, Assistant Professor of Physiological and Brain Sciences at Dartmouth College, studied nineteen brains of eighteen-year-old college students. These students moved 100 miles to go to college and lived without their families. The control to this study was a group of seventeen twenty-five year olds. Professor Baird came to the conclusion that the twenty-five year old brain was more mature, especially in the regions of the brain known to integrate emotion and cognition, the areas that take information from our current body state and apply it for use in navigating the world. Maturity can range though. It is proven that brains mature at different times. Although there is not a test we can give to determine the maturity of someone, lawmakers have to instill trust and hope in young adults. The ideal of potential and prudence fit in with the fact that lawmakers can not single-handedly pick out who is mature enough to legally consume alcohol at the age of eighteen. With more developed brains at twenty-one, the risk for drunk driving and making poor decisions while under the influence are lower. According to the Mother’s Against Drunk Driving Association, the MADD, an estimated twenty-three thousand lives have been saved from the elevated age of drinking since it the law was passed in 1984. Although it has saved lives, McCardell says that â€Å"(raising the drinking age to twenty-one) forced alcohol consumption behind the closed doors of dorms and fraternity basements. Always unsupervised, done in secret and too often excessive, this style of drinking has no doubt been responsibility for the alarming rise in rates of so called ‘binge’ drinking seen at colleges† Looking further into McCardell’s statement, TIME magazine says that data does not show that binge drinking has gotten worse since states raised their drinking age. John Schulenberg of the University of Michigan and Jennifer Maggs of Penn State say, â€Å"During the past two decades, despite many social, demographic, political and economic changes†¦rates of frequent heavy drinking among those ages nineteen to twenty-two have shifted little.† Having the ideal of prudence, lawmakers have to take statistics under consideration. They have to choose the option of letting under-developed, eighteen year old minds be allowed to consume and purchase alcohol, or to keep the law at twenty-one and break the ideals of justice and fairness. Having the legal drinking age of twenty-one breeds disrespect for law by having so many people break it, marginalizes the role of teaching about alcohol use and condescends the age of majority. When you turn eighteen in the United States, you can vote, enlist and fight in wars, sign contracts, marry, own businesses, serve in a jury and many other things. In most other cultures, alcohol consumption legally begins when you become a legal adult. According to the Institute of Medicine, ninety percent of alcohol consumed by eighteen to twenty years-olds is consumed when the person is involved in heavy drinking. Having the legal drinking age of twenty-one forces young adult and teenage drinking behind closed doors without any supervision. This force comes from peer pressure, media and watching what people older than them do. Teenagers are attracted to the thrill, making them drink more and more. The consequences of binge drinking are scary and sometimes fatal. The consumption of alcohol by underage Americans is common. When young people consume alcohol, the fact that they are doing something illegal does not cross their mind. Since the law prohibits young adults from partaking in an activity that usually mark adulthood, it encourages violation and disrespect of the law. According to Public Health Reports, two in every one thousand instances of underage drinking results in arrests. According to the Journal of American College Health, young adults who choose to illegally drink are drinking recklessly. This excessive consumption has resulted in binge drinking, putting young people at greater risk of alcohol poisoning, assault, sexual abuse, vandalism and alcohol related fatalities. During the Prohibition in 1920, the culture was bathtub gin, speakeasies and rumrunners. In the last ten years, these acts have been mirrored but with keg parties, beer pong and flip cup. Having the legal drinking age remain at the age of twenty-one prevents adolescents from gaining access to alcohol, saves lives by preventing alcohol-related traffic fatalities from ages eighteen to twenty and protects adolescent and young adult brains from the negative consequences of alcohol. The results from the National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey say that early initiation to alcohol leads to long-term alcohol problems. With the law set at twenty-one, it prevents alcohol from getting into the hands of the younger population by making it illegal to consume, purchase and possess alcohol. Many high school students are protected from this possible damage because their eighteen-year-old friends cannot buy alcohol for them. According to the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, people that drink in their adolescent years are more likely to have alcohol abuse issues later in their life. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration says that that the number of drunk driving fatalities amongst eighteen to twenty one year olds has decreased by thirteen percent ever since the law has been raised to twenty-one. That decline over the past two and a half decades is from quite a few factors, including safer vehicles, increased public awareness of the danger of drunk driving, mandatory seat belt laws, lower BAC limits and the use of designated drivers, which is a term that did not exist before the drinking age was raised in 1984. Also, the adolescent brain is affected differently by alcohol than the brain of a twenty-one year old. Having the drinking age of twenty-one will lead to a healthier population by not allowing adolescents to obtain it. The American Journal of Psychiatry scanned brains of young adolescents with alcohol abuse disorders and the brains of non-drinking peers. The study showed that the brains of young adolescents with alcohol abuse disorders show lower rates of activity during memory tasks and less developed brain structures than in their non-drinking peers. If the legal drinking age remains as it is now, America’s youth will be more protected. An alternate solution to lowering the age to eighteen and keeping the age at twenty-one is to only allow eighteen-year-olds, who have completed an intensive class about alcohol, to purchase and consume alcohol. John McCardell, former president of Middlebury College, is a proponent of this idea. His thought was to have a test similar to a driving test. You would have to take a class and pass a test in order to have a specific license for purchasing and consuming alcohol. The class would go over the history, chemistry, psychology and sociology of alcohol. It is also important that the young adults view people whose lives’ have been ruined because of alcohol. They could do this by attending Alcohol Anonymous meetings or going to visit rehabilitation centers and talk to people whose lives have been affected by alcohol. If eighteen-year-olds have this knowledge, then I think that they should be able to consume and purchase alcohol. Another alternate solution is to lower the age of purchasing and consuming alcohol to twenty. Not as young as eighteen, and not as old as twenty-one, the brain is significantly more developed at the age of twenty than it is at the age of eighteen. The consequences of lowering it by one year are not as risky as lowering the age to eighteen. Although some people will still fight against it, I feel as though it is a good middle ground between the ages of eighteen and twenty-one. A very high tech alternate solution is making all cars have an Ignition Interlock System. This device, installed in a cars dashboard, mandates that you breathe into a little slot before the car will turn on. Although the system is quite expensive, it is fool proof. After the engine starts, the device will require you to breathe in it again, just to make sure that a sober person did not breathe into the device for you. Currently used for people that have broken DUI laws, if these devices were put in all cars, it would be almost impossible for people to drive drunk. The only problem with the mechanism is that it would increase the value of cars by a great deal. Although it is expensive, installing an Ignition Interlock System in every car would prevent drunk driving. When considering both sides of the argument, we have to look at the total picture. Voting on whether to make the MLDA eighteen or twenty-one shows a full view of what people want since everyone eighteen and older can vote. The vote would directly target people that would be affected no matter what the outcome was. The lawmakers have to consider their obligations to the nation, since all lawmakers were elected into their position. They also have to consider the consequences of the option that they are giving people. Putting young people in situations where it is legal to drink and maybe would not be able to control their actions and drive drunk, endangering people around them. This would endanger others, so when making a vote, people would not only have to consider an individual but everyone around them After considering all of the information, the smartest choice for lawmakers is to keep the minimum legal drinking age at twenty-one. Although teenagers may still continue to break the law while purchasing and consuming alcohol, many high school students will be protected from legally purchasing and consuming because eighteen-year-old seniors will not be able to obtain alcohol. Also, the brain at the age of twenty-one is extremely more developed than the brain at eighteen. If an eighteen-year-old legally drank and got in his/her car to drive home, that inexperienced driver would be putting everyone on the road into danger. Since an eighteen year old, who probably started driving at the age of sixteen, would get on the road without any supervision and also while under the influence of alcohol, the risk of endangering him/herself is extremely high. By keeping the motto â€Å"for the common good in mind† the best decision for lawmakers is to keep the minimum legal drinking age at twenty-one. BIBLIOGRAPHY ABC News. Alcohol Laws: Should the Drinking Age be Lowered?. [Online] http://abcnews.go.com/TheLaw.story?id=3529878page=2 The Harvard Crimson. Please Think Responsibly. [Online] Tuesday, September 16, 2008. http://thecrimson.com/article/2008/9/16/please-think-responsibly-it-certaintly-hasn’t/ TIME. Should the Drinking Age Be Lowered? [Online] Friday, June 06, 2008. www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1812397,00.html WSJ. College Presidents Stand Up for Common Sense? I’ll Drink to That. [Online] Friday, August 28, 2008. http://onlline.wsj.com/article/SB121996586419781419.html?mod=taste_primary_hs American Medical Association. Facts About Youth and Alcohol. [Online] http://www.ama-asn.org/ama/pub/physician-resources/public-health/p†¦ug-abuse/facts-about-youth-alcohol/minimum-legal-drinking-age.shtml Choose Responsibly. Legal Age 21. [Online] www.chooseresponsibly.org/ Dartmouth News. Brain Changes Significantly After Age 18, says Dartmouth Research. [Online] February 6, 2006. http://www.dartmouth.edu/~news/releases/2006/02/06.html Wikipedia. Ignition Interlock Device. [Online] January 19, 2011. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ignition_interlock_device

Introduction to Sacred Geometry

Introduction to Sacred Geometry By Arthur Simoes Introduction      Ã‚   in keeping with historic cultures, outstanding scientists, brilliant minds of philosophy and religion. knows geometry is aware of the universe, it is a language that governs all laws and rules of the cosmos. The introduction of many traditions describes the universe because the paintings of an Architect who makes use of sacred geometry to create out the dimensions of the universe, wisely designing every element of it, and controlling by means of just proportions evidenced in the geometric shapes of nature. The complete Universe (which include our solar device, as well as atoms, DNA, and beings) cover the secrets of stability, rhythm, share and harmony in range, the fractal connections of pieces with each different and the complete. This agreement is expressed with the help out some key numbers. Over the entrance to Platos academy became wrote down the word: Let none enter here who are ignorant of geometry Through time many were the number of scientists and philosophers who speaks about Sacred Geometry. Galileo, Plato, Pythagoras, St. Augustine , Johannes Kepler and others. Numbers are the thoughts of God. (St. Augustine) Mathematics is the alphabet with which God has written the universe. (Galileo) Geometry existed before the creation. It is co-eternal with the mind of GodGeometry provided God with a model for the Creation (Johannes Kepler). The sacred geometry can teach us the relationship between man and the universe as Hermes Trismegistus once said : That which is Below corresponds to that which is Above, and that which is Above, corresponds to that which is Below, to accomplish the miracles of the One Thing. What is Sacred Geometry ? In nature, we discover styles, designs, and systems from minuscule particles, to expressions of existence great through human eyes, to the greater cosmos. those necessarily follow geometrical archetypes, which reveal to us the nature of each form and its vibrations. theyre also symbolic of the basic spiritual rule of the inseparable courting of the element to the whole. its far this principle of oneness basic all geometry that fills the architecture of all shape in its countless range. This principle of connectedness inseparability and agreement gives us with a continuous reminder of our close to the entire, a blueprint for the mind to the sacred foundation of all things created.The basic concept is that geometry and mathematical ratios, harmonics, share are also found in songs, calm, cosmology. This price is visible as commonly even in prehistory, a cultural body of the human circumstance. its far considered basic to constructing sacred structures which include temples, mosques, megaliths, monuments and churches. Many forms in observed in nature may be associated with geometry. for instance, honeybees assemble hexagonal cells to avoid their honey. Sacred geometry can be understood as a worldview of pattern popularity, a complicated system of spiritual symbols and structures related to space, time and form. consistent with this view the simple patterns of lifestyles are visible as sacred. by using connecting with those, a believer expects the first-rate Mysteries and the extremely good blueprint. Sacred geometry has existed in lots of paperwork throughout the ages it is regularly mistakenly said that geometry started with the Greeks, however, earlier than they had been the Minoans, the Egyptians, Sumerians, Indus valley, Chinese, Phoenicians and of direction, megaliths all of whom left clear geometric fingerprints in their finest constructions. The Greeks may additionally properly have been the primary to have supplied geometry to the general public at massive, but they were by no means the first to comprehend it. Golden Ratio The Golden ratio is a special number found by dividing a line into two parts so that the longer part divided by the smaller part is also equal to the whole length divided by the longer part. This is also symbolized as phi, after the 21st letter of the Greek alphabet. In an equation that looks like this: a/b = (a+b)/a = 1.6180339887498948420 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ As with pi (the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter), the digits pass on and on to infinity. Phi is usually round off to 1.618. This number has been caught on and rediscovered oftentimes that is why theyve so many names to it, Golden section, divine proportion, Golden mean, and so on In records, this wide variety can be seen in an awful lot architecture of many historical creations, Pyramid Of Giza, Parthenon. on the Pyramid Of Giza, the period of every side of the base is 756 ft with a height of 481 ft. The ratio of the base to the height is 1.5717, close to the Golden ratio. Phidias (500 B.C. 432 B.C.) turned into a Greek sculptor and mathematician who is thought to have applied phi to the layout of sculptures for the Parthenon. Plato (428 B.C. 347 B.C.) taken into consideration the Golden ratio to be the most universally required of mathematical relationships. Later, Euclid (365 B.C. three hundred B.C.) related the Golden ratio to the development of a pentagram. around 1200, mathematician Leonardo Fibonacci determined the homes of the Fibonacci series. This collection is so much like the Golden Ratio because if you take two successive wide variety from the Fibonacci sequence the ratio is very near. because the numbers get larger the get in the direction of 1.618 as an instance, the ratio of 3 to five is 1.666. however, the ratio of 13 to 21 is 1.625. Getting even better, the ratio of one hundred forty-four to 233 is 1.618. The Golden Ratio can be determined in well-known artwork and sculptures from the Renaissance. In 1509, Luca Pacioli wrote a book that refers to the range because the Divine proportion, which became illustrated by Leonardo DA Vinci. Da Vinci, later himself referred to as the book Sectio Aurea or The Golden segment. Da Vinci used the Golden Ratio to demonstrate all his proportions on his painting Last Supper, in particular at the proportions of the desk on the and historical past. Golden ratio additionally appears in DA Vincis Vitruvian man and the Mona Lisa. other artists who used the Golden ratio consist of Michelangelo, Raphael, Rembrandt, Seurat, and Salvador Dali. Phi is greater than a difficult to understand time period located in mathematics and physics. It seems round us in our daily lives, even in our creative views. research have proven while taking a look at topics views random faces, the ones they believe most attractive are those with solid parallels to the Golden ratio. F aces judged because of the maximum attractive display Golden ratio proportions between the width of the face and the width of the eyes, nostril, and eyebrows. The test topics werent mathematicians and physicists educated with phi they had been just common human beings, and the Golden ratio introduced out an instinctual reaction. Fibonacci and Sequence The Fibonacci is a series of numbers is observed by using adding numbers earlier than it. beginning with zero and 1, the series is going 0,1,1,2,3,5,8,23,21,34 so forth. This sequence is called after one of the best mathematicians, Fibonacci also called Leonardo Of Pisa or Leonardo Pisano. Fibonacci turned into born round 1175 to Guglielmo Bonacci, a rich Italian service provider and, through some debts, the consul for Pisa. Guglielmo directed a trading submit in Bugia North Africa. Fibonacci as a young boy traveled with him, during this time he discovered approximately the Hindu-Arabic numeral system. Fibonacci traveled at the Mediterranean coast assembly many merchants alongside the way getting to know approximately their systems of doing mathematics. He quickly found out the benefits of the Hindu-Arabic arithmetic. afterward, in 1202 he completed writing a book called Liber Abaci which confirmed the Hindu-Arabic mathematics to the Latin-speaking countries. If you havent heard of the Fibonacci spiral Let me explain: a Fibonacci spiral is a fixed of connected quarter-circles drawn internal a group of squares with Fibonacci numbers for dimensions. The squares in shape flawlessly together due to nature of the collection, wherein the following variety is same to the sum of the 2 earlier than it. Any successive numbers have a ratio near the Golden ratio, thats kind of 1.618034. the larger the Fibonacci numbers are, the nearer it gets. The spiral ensuing are known as the Golden Ratio. The Golden Ratio represented by using the Greek letter Phi. Greek architects used the ratio for plenty well-known designs and systems inclusive of the Parthenon in Athens. Sacred Geometry in the Universe We humans beings are constantly looking at nature and its beauty, with its proportions and patterns which brings attention to our eyes. We experience this in many different structures, plants, animals, and paintings. Such as the Pyramid of Giza, The Last Supper by Da vinci, a shell

Team Behavior Essays -- Business, Organizational Structure

Team Behavior The organizational structure is compromised of groups and teams. Organizational behavior theory examines individual and group behavior types in relation to performance, organizational structure, ethics, and conflict resolution. Extensive research has been done in the field of development and application of team behavior and the positive or negative impact it has on accomplishing organizational objectives. Tuckman’s team development theory, Mintzberg’s study of organizational politics, and The Ringelmann effect will be examined. These theories provide insight into the complexities inherent in group structure and the mechanisms organizations need to minimize dysfunctional activities. The term group and team are used interchangeably for this discussion although they do not have the same meaning. A team consists of a number of people committed to common goals. Teams help organizations enhance performance, reduce costs, and provide employees with a sense of dignity and self-fulfillment. A team’s composition is formal or informal, its effectiveness is predicated, in part, on an organizations’ culture and the personalities and roles of the team members. . Group Development 1. There are critics of the five†stage group development model. Their main point is that this presentation of a group’s development is too static. Do you agree with this criticism? Why? The Tuckman stages of team development focuses on building and developing teams by analyzing team behavior. The first stage is forming. Group members get to know each other. Tuckman calls this the â€Å"ice breaking† stage. The second stage is storming. In this stage conflicts and power struggles occur as individuals compare views. The third stage is nor... ...for their outputs. Conflict among teams exists in organizations. Conflict aligned with business objectives and fosters positive employee performance (functional conflict), should be encouraged by management. However, conflict between groups that impede business objectives (dysfunctional conflict), must be confronted immediately and eliminated by management. Another form of conflict in organizations is resistance to authority. Mintzberg (1983) describes these tendencies as political games. The whistleblower game attempts to bring about organizational change by exposing practices or behaviors an individual perceives as unethical and in violation of the law. Organizations with sound ethical standards embrace valid whistle-blowing, however, most organizations view whistle-blowing negatively and impose various methods of retaliation against the individual.